Concluding Comments on the Conference Theme

Abstract

The description, discussion, and methodological approaches to urban-rural spatial problems presented in this issue are insufficient for grasping the full implications of this complex theme. Two of the major questions which arise are how or why have the characteristics of the fringe emerged? and is it beneficial or harmful, or, what is the prevalent outcome: harmony or conflict? The answer to the first question may seem to be simple, but can we grade the factors at work? Is it possible to isolate important forces from less significant ones? The second question is even harder to answer. The impact of facts may be colored by value systems, by ideologies, and by a host of other subjective factors. Its implications for planning are evident, especially where the unplanned outcome is deemed undesirable. Whatever the plan, however, it is never free of some value-judgment. It may be imposed by politicians or by the pressure of concerned citizens, but by its very nature, it is value-oriented.