Investigating Fine-Scale Residential Segregation By Means of Local Spatial Statistics
Abstract
The paper presents a GIS-based approach to estimating individual household residential segregation based on three sources of information: a detailed geo-referenced dataset of family characteristics obtained from the 1995 Israeli Census of Population and Housing, subjective data on individuals' estimates of their house's neighborhood, and detailed GIS maps of urban infrastructure. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated by studying Jewish-Arab residential segregation in the Yaffo area of Tel Aviv. The combination of detailed objective and subjective geo-referenced data provide the basis for intensive fine-scale urban studies and local planning interventions.References
Ahl, V. and Allen, T.EH. (1996) Hierarchy Theory: A Vision, Vocabulary, and Epistemology. New York: Columbia University Press.
Anselin, L. (1995) Local indicators of spatial association-LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27:93-115.
Batty, M. (2000) The new urban geography of the third dimension. Environment and Planning B, 27:483--484.
Ben-Artzi, Y. (1980) The creation of the residential pattern and residential mobility characteristics of the Haifa's Arabs. Haifa: Jewish-Arab Center, Haifa University (Hebrew).
Benenson, I. and Omer, I. (2002) Measuring individual segregation in space: A formal approach and case study. In Schnell, I. (ed.) Studies in Segregation and Desegregation. Avebury: Ashgate, pp. 11-38.
Benenson, I., Orner, I., and Hatna, E. (2002) Entity-based modeling of urban residential dynamics-The case of Yaffo, Tel-Aviv. Environment and Planning B, 29:491-512.
Boal, EW. (1982) Segregation and mixing: Space and residence in Belfast. In Boal, EW. and Douglas, J.N.H. (eds.) Integration and Division. London: Academic Press, pp. 249-280.
Carrington, W.J. and Troske, K.R. (1997) On measuring segregation in samples with small units. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 15 :402-409.
Ceccato, Y.A. and Snickars, F. (2000) Adapting GIS technology to the needs of local planning. Environment and Planning B, 27:923-937.
Coffey, W.J. (1981) Geography: Towards a General Spatial Systems Approach. London: Methuen.
Cook, I. and Crang, M. (1995) Doing ethnograpies. In Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography (CATMOG), 58 Norwich: Geobooks.
Duncan, O. and Duncan, B. (1955) A Methodological analysis of segregation indices. American Sociological Review, 20: 21 0- 217.
Getis, A. and Ord, J.K. (1992) The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis, 24: 189-206.
Getis, A. and Ord, J.K. (1996) Local spatial statistics: An overview. In Longley, P. and Batty, M. (eds.) Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS Environment. Cambridge (UK): Geoinformation International, pp. 269-285.
Green, M. and Flowerdew, R. (1996) New evidence on the modifiable areal unit problem. In Longley, P. and Batty, M. (eds.) Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS Environment. Cambridge (UK): Geoinformation International, pp. 41-54.
Gregory, D. (1989) Presences and absences: Time-space relations and structuration theory. In Held, D. and Thompson, J. (eds.) Social Theory of Modern Societies: Anthony Giddens and His Critics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 183-214.
Halls P. J., Bulling M., White, P.c.L., Garland, L., and Harris, S. (2001) Dirichlet neighbors: Revisiting Dirichlet tessellation for neighborhood analysis. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 25: 105-117
ICBS (Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics) (2000) Socio-economic characteristics of population and households in localities and statistical areas. Publication No. 8, 1995 Census of Population and Housing Series. Jerusalem: State of Israel, Central Bureau of Statistics Publications (Hebrew).
Johnston, R.J. (1991) People and places in the behavioral environment. In Boal, F. Wand Livingstone, D. N. (eds.) The Behavioral Environment. London: Routledge, pp. 235-252.
Jones, T.P. and McEvoy, D. (1978) Race and space in Cloud-Cuckoo Lane. Area, 10:162-166.
Lee, C. M. and Culhane, D. P. (1998) A perimeter-based clustering index for measuring spatial segregation: A cognitive GIS approach. Environment and Planning B, 25: 327-343.
Lee, T.R. (1968) Urban neighborhood as a social-spatial scheme. Human Relations, 21: 241-268.
Lee, T.R. (1973) Psychology and living space. In Downs, R. and Stea, D. (eds.) The Image of the Environment. Chicago: Aldine Publishing, pp. 87-108.
Lee, T.R. (1978) Race, space and scale. Area, 10:365-367.
Lieberson, S. (1981) An asymmetrical approach to segregation. In Peach, c., Robinson, v., and Smith, S. (eds.) Ethnic Segregation in Cities. Croom Helm: London, pp.61-82.
Massey, D. and Denton, N. (1988) The dimensions of residential segregation. Social Forces, 76:281-315.
Morrill, R.L. (1991) On the measure of geographic Segregation. Geography Research Forum, 11:25-36.
Norberg-Schulz, C. (1971) Social Order and the Theory of Class. New York: Harcourt.
Orner, I. (1996) Ethnic Residential Segregation as a Structuration Process. Unpublished Ph.D Thesis. Tel-Aviv: Tel-Aviv University (Hebrew).
Openshaw, S. (1984) The modifiable areal unit problem. In Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography (CATMOG), 38 Norwich: Geobooks.
Openshaw, S. and Rao, L. (1995) Algorithms for re-engineering 1991 census geography. Environment and Planning A, 27:425-446.
Pacione, M. (1983) The temporal stability of perceived neighborhood areas in Glasgow. The Professional Geographer, 35 :66-72.
Portugali, J. (1991) An Arab segregated neighborhood in Tel-Aviv: The case of Adjami. Geography Research Forum, 11:37-50.
Relph, E. (1976) Place and Placelessness. London: Pion.
Sayer, A. (1985) The difference that space makes. In Gregory D. and Urry J. (eds.) Social Relations and Spatial Structure. London: Macmillan, pp. 45-66.
Schnell, I., Benjamini, Y. (1999) Socio-spatiallifestyles and segregation, www.cybergeo. presse.fr, April, 1999.
Steel, D.G. and Holt, D. (1996) Rules for random aggregation. Environment and Planning A, 28:957-978.
Talen, E. (1999) Constructing neighborhoods from the bottom up: The case of residents-generated GIS. Environment and Planning B, 26:533-554.
Tuan, Y.F. (1977) Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Waldorf, B.S. (1993) Segregation in urban space: A new measurement approach. Urban Studies, 30: 1151-1164.
White, M.J. (1983) The measurement of spatial segregation. American Journal of Sociology, 88: 1008-1018.
Weiner, D. and Harris, T. (1998) Community-integrated GIS for land reform in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa, www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/varenius/ppgis/papers/weiner.html.
Wong, D. (1997a) Enhancing segregation studies using GIS. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 20: 99-109.
Wong, D. (1997b) Spatial dependency of segregation indices. Canadian Geographer, 41:128-136.
Wong, D. and Chong, W. (1998) Using spatial segregation measures in GIS and statistical modeling packages. Urban Geography, 19:477-485.
Woods, R.I. (1980) Spatiotemporal models of ethnic segregation and their implications for housing policy. Environment and Planning A, 13:1415-1433.
Wrigley, N., Holt, T., Steel, D., and Tranmer, M. (1996) Analyzing, modeling, and resolving the ecological fallacy. In Longley, P. and Batty, M. (eds.) Spatial Analysis: Modeling in a GIS Environment. Cambridge (UK): Geoinformation International, pp. 25-40.
Wu, X.B. and Sui, D.Z. (2001) An initial exploration of a lacunarity-based segregation measure. Environment and Planning B, 28:433-446.
- The contributor(s) (authors) warrant that the entire work is original and unpublished; it is submitted only to this Journal and all text, data, figures/tables or other illustrations included in this work are completely original and unpublished, and these have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere in any form or media whatsoever.
- The contributor(s) warrant that the work contains no unlawful or libelous statements and opinions and liable materials of any kind whatsoever, does not infringe on any copyrights, intellectual property rights, personal rights or rights of any kind of others, nor contains any plagiarized, fraudulent, improperly attributed materials, instructions, procedures, information or ideas that might cause any harm, damage, injury, losses or costs of any kind to person or property.
- The contributor(s) retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The contributor(s) are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- The contributor(s) are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Geography Research Forum may disseminate the content of the publications and publications’ Meta data in text, image, or other print and electronic formats to providers of research databases (e.g. EBSCO, GeoBase, JSTOR) to facilitate publications' exposure.
