The Impact of Corporate Concentration on the Canadian Retail Economy
Abstract
Canada’s retail landscape is increasingly being controlled by major corporations and foreign capital. This paper provides an analysis of corporate restructuring and associated locational imprints within the Canadian retail sector. It addresses the reorganization of retail capital emerging from ongoing processes of globalization, consolidation and organic growth in Canada’s Top 95 retail conglomerates. The paper focuses on three aspects of the country’s leading retailers: their economic profiles, market concentration, and the emerging location strategies. The paper highlights the dominance of major corporation retail chains, estimates market share for these companies and the associated high degree of market concentration by sector, and provides evidence of the growth strategies employed by a number of the leading retailers in Canada. The paper concludes by identifying a number of key areas for future researchReferences
Bodkin, C. and Lord, J. (1997) Attraction of power shopping centers. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 7(2): 93-108.
Boyle, R.J. (2003) US retailers expanding into Canada: Will it ever end? ICSC Research Quarterly, 10(3): 1-3.
Davies M. and Clarke I. (2004) A framework for network planning. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 22(6): 6-10.
Guy, C. (1994) The Retail Development Process. London: Routledge.
Hahn, B. (2000) Power centers: A new retail format in the United States of America. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 7: 223-231.
Hernandez, T. (2003) The impact of big box internationalization on a national market: A case study of Home Depot in Canada. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 13(1): 77-98.
Hernandez, T., Jones, K. and Maze, A. (2003) US Retail Chain in Canada. CSCA Research Letter 2003-10, Centre for the Study of Commercial Activity, Ryerson University, Toronto.
Hernandez, T. and Simmons, J. (2007) Evolving retail landscapes: Power retail in Canada. The Canadian Geographer, 50(4): 465-486.
ICSC (2004) Shopping Center Definitions. International Council of Shopping Centers, New York, ICSC.
Jones, K. and Simmons, J. (1993) Location, Location, Location: Analyzing the Retail Environment. 2nd Edition. Toronto: Nelson Canada.
Jones, K., Evans, W. and Smith, C. (1994) New formats in the Canadian retail economy. Journal of Shopping Center Research, 1: 161-208.
Jones, K. and Doucet, M. (2000) Big-box retailing and the urban retail structure: The case of the Toronto area. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 7: 233-247.
Jones, K. and Hernandez, T. (2006) Dynamics of the Canadian retail environment. In Bunting, T. and Fillion, P. (eds.) Canadian Cities in Transitions. Toronto: Oxford University Press, pp. 287-305.
Lorch, B. and Hernandez, T. (2007) The functional reconfiguration of Canadian regional shopping malls. Paper presented at Corporate Geography Conference, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, February 22nd-24th.
Scherer, F.M. and D. Ross. (1990) Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance. 3rd Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Simmons, J. and Graff, T. (1998) Wal-Mart comes to Canada. CSCA Research Report 1998-09. Centre for the Study of Commercial Activity, Ryerson University, Toronto.
Simmons, J. and Kamikihara, S. (2005) Commercial activity in Canada, 2004. CSCA Research Report 2005-04. Toronto, Ryerson University.
Thorne, S. (1999) Powering up Canadian centers. Shopping Centers Today, June, ICSC, New York. pp. 40-42.
Wen, J. (2001) Market power in grocery retailing: Assessing the evidence for Canada. Report prepared for the Competition Bureau of Canada. Industry Canada site: http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/pics/ct/wen_e.pdf
Wrigley, N. (2000) The globalization of retail capital: Themes for economic geography. In Clark G.L., Feldman, M.P. and Gerther, M.S. (eds.) Handbook of Economic Geography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.292-356.
- The contributor(s) (authors) warrant that the entire work is original and unpublished; it is submitted only to this Journal and all text, data, figures/tables or other illustrations included in this work are completely original and unpublished, and these have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere in any form or media whatsoever.
- The contributor(s) warrant that the work contains no unlawful or libelous statements and opinions and liable materials of any kind whatsoever, does not infringe on any copyrights, intellectual property rights, personal rights or rights of any kind of others, nor contains any plagiarized, fraudulent, improperly attributed materials, instructions, procedures, information or ideas that might cause any harm, damage, injury, losses or costs of any kind to person or property.
- The contributor(s) retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The contributor(s) are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- The contributor(s) are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Geography Research Forum may disseminate the content of the publications and publications’ Meta data in text, image, or other print and electronic formats to providers of research databases (e.g. EBSCO, GeoBase, JSTOR) to facilitate publications' exposure.