On the Edge of Urban ‘Equalities’: Framing Millennial Suburban LGBTQ+ Activisms in Canada
Keywords:
Canada; suburbia; activisms; LGBTQ ; print media
Abstract
Since the emergence of the gay liberation movement in the late 1960s and early 1970s, LGBTQ+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer plus) activisms in the urban West have been associated with political challenges to the heteronormative social order waged through public demonstrations and, particularly in North America, space-claiming at the centre of large cities. At the turn of the millennium in Canada, however, highly publicized incidents of gay rights activism began occurring in the suburbs of its major metropolitan centres. This paper reads a suburban LGBTQ+ print media database (1985-2015) (n=1,763) for cases of suburban LGBTQ+ activisms in this era for two of Canada’s largest cities, Vancouver and Montreal. It argues that frame analysis of print media coverage of suburban LGBTQ+ activism from this era can broaden understandings of the historic queer metropolitan by extending it to include its periphery. Drawing on frame analysis, the paper examines newspaper representations of three landmark case studies of suburban LGBTQ+ activism just before the era of ‘equalities.’ Millennial Canadian LGBTQ+ suburban activisms were part of a broader, multi-scalar expansion of this social movement, but the print media worked through an urban-suburban binary that, while questioning the proper place for LGBTQ+ activisms, reinscribed suburbia’s persistent heteronormativity.
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Dines, M. (2005) Sacrilege in the sitting room: Contesting suburban domesticity in contemporary gay literature. Home Cultures, 2(2), 175–194.
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Forest, B. (1995) West Hollywood as symbol: The significance of place in the construction of a gay identity. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 13(2), 133–157.
Gay couple’s neighbours join march to protest harassment (2001, 28, May). The Record, D10.
Gin, J. and Taylor, D. E. (2010) Movements, neighborhood change, and the media: Newspaper coverage of anti-gentrification activity in the San Francisco Bay Area, 1995–2005. In Taylor, D. E. (Eds.), Environment and Social Justice: An International Perspective. Bingley, UK: Emerald Group Publishing, 75–114..
Goffman, E. (1974) Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. London, UK: Harper and Row.
Goh, K. (2018) Safe cities and queer spaces: The urban politics of radical LGBT activism. Annals of the American Association of Geographers, 108(2), 463–477.
Gorman‐Murray, A. (2007) Reconfiguring domestic values: Meanings of home for gay men and lesbians. Housing, Theory and Society, 24(3), 229–246.
Gorman‐Murray, A. Waitt, G., and Gibson, C. (2008). A queer country? A case study of the politics of gay/lesbian belonging in an Australian country town. Australian Geographer, 39(2), 171–191.
Gray, M. L. (2009) Out in the country: Youth, media, and queer visibility in rural America. New York, NY: NYU Press.
Gross, L. (2001) Up from invisibility: Lesbians, gay men, and the media in America. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Grundy, J. and Smith, M. (2005) The politics of multiscalar citizenship: The case of lesbian and gay organizing in Canada. Citizenship Studies, 9(4), 389–404.
Halberstam, J. (2005) In a Queer Time and Place: Transgender Bodies, Subcultural Lives. New York, NY: New York University Press.
Hamilton, G. (2001, 23 May) Mayor requests a dress code for gay protest: Harassed by neighbours, couple accuse city hall of prejudice. National Post, A5.
Harris, R. (2015). Using Toronto to explore three suburban stereotypes, and vice versa. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 47(1), 30–49.
Harris, R. and Hendershott, K. (2018) How newspapers portray suburbs: A paradox. Journal of Urban Affairs, 40(7), 974–991.
Hartal, G. (2015) Becoming periphery: Israeli LGBT “peripheralization.” ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 14(2), 571–597.
Hartal, G. (2018). Fragile subjectivities: Constructing queer safe spaces. Social & Cultural Geography, 19(8), 1053–1072.
Hartal, G. and Sasson-Levy, O. (2017) Being [in] the center: Sexual citizenship and homonationalism at Tel Aviv’s Gay-Center. Sexualities, 20(5-6), 738–761.
Jameson, F. (1976) On Goffman’s frame analysis. Theory and Society, 3(1), 119-133.
Johnston, L. (2005) Queering Tourism: Paradoxical Performances of Gay Pride Parades. London, UK: Routledge.
Johnston, L. (2007) Mobilizing pride/shame: Lesbians, tourism and parades. Social & Cultural Geography, 8(1), 29–45.
Johnston, L. (2017) Gender and sexuality II: Activism. Progress in Human Geography, 41(5), 648-656.
Kearns, A., Kearns, O. and Lawson, L. (2013) Notorious places: Image, reputation, stigma. The role of newspapers in area reputations for social housing estates. Housing Studies, 28(4), 579–598.
Kramberger, A. (2013, 28 August) Gay-rights activist makes Pointe-Claire council bid. The Gazette, D2.
Landau, J. (2009) Straightening out (the politics of) same-sex parenting: Representing gay families in US print news stories and photographs. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 26(1), 80–100.
Lewis, N. M. (2013) Ottawa’s Le/The Village: Creating a gaybourhood amidst the ‘death of the village’. Geoforum, 49, 233–242.
Lichterman, P. (1996) The Search for Political Community: American Activists Reinventing Commitment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Liu, S. and Blomley, N. (2013) Making news and making space: Framing Vancouver's Downtown Eastside. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 57(2), 119–132.
Lynch, F. R. (1987) Non-ghetto gays: A sociological study of suburban homosexuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 13(4), 13–42.
Marche, G. (2017) La militance LGBT aux États-Unis: Sexualité et subjectivité. Lyon, FR: Presses universitaires de Lyon.
Markwell, K., and Waitt, G. (2009) Festivals, space and sexuality: Gay pride in Australia. Tourism Geographies, 11(2), 143–168.
Martin, D. G. (2000) Constructing place: Cultural hegemonies and media images of an inner-city neighborhood. Urban Geography, 21(5), 380–405.
Matthes, J. (2009) What’s in a frame? A content analysis of media framing studies in the world’s leading communications journals, 1990-2005. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 86(2), 349–367.
Meeker, M. (2006) Contacts Desired: Gay and Lesbian Communications and Community, 1940s–1970s. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Miller, V. (2005) Intertextuality, the referential illusion and the production of a gay ghetto. Social & Cultural Geography, 6(1), 61–79.
Misgav, C. (2015) With the current, against the wind: Constructing spatial activism and radical politics in the Tel Aviv Gay Centre. ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies, 14(4), 1208–1234.
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2020-02-03
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