Smart Tourism Cities and Sustainability
Keywords:
Urban tourism; innovation; smart cities; smart tourism; sustainable tourism; Covid 19
Abstract
As the tourism sector is suffering the disastrous impact of COVID19, new prospects will naturally emerge; this paper explores the potential of technology and IT platforms for the industry, specifically focus is on smart technologies that are changing consumer experiences and generating creative tourism business models. Smart tourism facilitates new ways of managing tourist flows, offering better tourist services, new advertising models and new collaborative ventures that build on cloud services and open data to innovate beyond the boundaries of traditional industry. The main aim of this review article is to examine and analyze the characteristics of smart tourism cities and the potential place of sustainability as a tool for the effective management of environmental systems and urban society. The subordinate questions are: What mutual ties may exist between the characteristics of smart cities and smart tourism? In addition, what is the place of sustainability in smart tourism cities and how can smart tourism cities use "smartness" technologies for better environmental and social management of tourism in the city? The article makes use of secondary research methodology and is based on an analysis of diverse studies on issues of smart cities, smart tourism, and sustainability in smart tourism cities. What emerges is that the concept and models of smart cities fits well with the idea and framework of smart tourism. They overlap and complement each other. The sustainability factor constitutes a central element in the essence of smart city tourism. Several important challenges can apparently be met through the use of smart technologies and applications for both better management of tourism space through smart city tourism and for monitoring and managing environmental elements.
References
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Wight, P. A. (2002) Supporting the principles of sustainable development in tourism and ecotourism: Government's potential role. Current Issues in Tourism, 5(3-4), 222-244.
Alsos, G. A., Eide, D., & Madsen, E. L. (Eds.) (2014) Handbook of Research on Innovation in Tourism Industries. Cheltenham & Northampton: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Boes, K., Buhalis, D., & Inversini, A. (2015) Conceptualising smart tourism destination dimensions. In: Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Proceedings of the International Conference in Lugano, Switzerland, February 3 - 6, 2015, Heidelberg: Springer, 391-403.
Buhalis, D., & Amaranggana, A. (2014) Smart tourism destinations. In: Xiang, Z. & Tussyadiah, I. (Eds.) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism,. Heidelberg: Springer, 553-564.
Cacho, A., Mendes-Filho, L., Estaregue, D., Moura, B., Cacho, N., Lopes, F., & Alves, C. (2016). Mobile tourist guide supporting a smart city initiative: a Brazilian case study. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 2(2), 164-183.
Caragliu, A., Del Bo, C., & Nijkamp, P. (2011) Smart cities in Europe. Journal of Urban
Technology, 18(2), 65–82.
Edwards, A. R. (2005) The Sustainability Revolution: Portrait of a Paradigm Shift. Gabriola Island: New Society Publishers.
Edwards, D., Griffin, T., & Hayllar, B. (2008) Urban tourism research: Developing an agenda. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(4), 1032-1052.
Fainstein, S. S., & Judd, D. R. (1999) Global Forces, Local Strategies, and Urban Tourism: The Tourist City. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Florida, R. (2005) Cities and the Creative Class. London: Routledge.
Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanovic, N., and Meijers, E.
(2007) Smart cities: Ranking of European medium-sized cities, Centre of Regional Science (SRF)Vienna University of Technology https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0264-2751(98)00050-X.
Goffi, G., Cucculelli, M., & Masiero, L. (2019) Fostering tourism destination competitiveness in developing countries: The role of sustainability. Journal of cleaner production, 209, 101-115.
Goodland, R. (1995). The concept of environmental sustainability. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 26, 1-24.
Gretzel, U., Sigala, M., Xiang, Z., & Koo, C. (2015) Smart tourism: Foundations and developments. Electronic Markets, 25(3), 179-188.
Gretzel, U., Zhong, L., & Koo, C. (2016) Application of smart tourism to cities. International Journal of Tourism Cities Vol. 2 No. 2.
Guo, Y., Liu, H., & Chai, Y. (2014) The embedding convergence of smart cities and tourism
internet of things in China: An advance perspective. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 2(1), 54–69.
Halkier, H., Kozak, M., & Svensson, B. (2014) Innovation and tourism destination development. European Planning Studies, 22(8), 1547-1550,
doi:10.1080/09654313.2013.784571
Hall, M. C., & Williams, A. M. (2008) Tourism and Innovation. London: Routledge.
Hannam, K. (2019) Smart cities, smart tourism, and smart mobilities. In: Timothy, D.J. (Ed.), Handbook of Globalisation and Tourism. Edward Elgar Publishing.
IESE (2019) The top 50 smart cities in the world 2019
https://citi.io/2019/06/27/the-top-50-smart-cities-in-the-world-2019/.
Ivars-Baidal, J. A., Hernández, M. G., & de Miguel, S. M. (2019) Integrating overtourism in the smart tourism cities agenda. E-review of Tourism Research, 17(2).
Kanter, R. M., & Litow, S. S. (2009) Informed and interconnected: A manifesto for smarter cities (No. 09-141). Retrieved from http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/PublicationFiles/09-141.pdf
Komninos, N. (2008) Intelligent cities. In Electronic Government: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (pp. 4205-4212). IGI Global.
Komninos, N. (2015): The Age of Intelligent Cities: Smart Environments and Innovation-For-All Strategies, 1.ª ed., New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Lee, P., Hunter, W. C., & Chung, N. (2020) Smart tourism city: Developments and transformations. Sustainability, 12(10), 39-58.
Liu, Z. (2003) Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459-475. doi: 10.1080/09669580308667216
McKinsey & Company (2017) Report of Coping with Success: Managing Overcrowding in Tourism Destinations. McKinsey & Company: New York.
Nam, T., & Pardo, T. A. (2011) Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology,
people, and institutions. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times. New York, NY: ACM, 282–291..
Oates, G. (2016) How the Rise of Smart Cities is Impacting Travel and Tourism. New York: Skift. Accessed online (March 25, 2016) at https://skift.com/2016/02/01/how-the-rise-of-smart-cities-is-impacting-travel-and-tourism/.
OECD (2006) Innovation and Growth in Tourism. Paris: OECD Publishing.
Pearce, P. L. (2018) Limiting overtourism; The desirable new behaviours of the smart tourist. In: Proceedings of the Tourism Intelligence Forum (t-Forum) Global Exchange Conference, 11-13.
Perles-Ribes, J. F. & Ivars-Baidal, J. (2018) Smart sustainability: A new perspective in the sustainable tourism debate. Journal of Regional Research, (42), 151-170.
Shoval, N. (2006) The geography of hotels in cities: An empirical validation of a forgotten model. Tourism Geographies, 8(1), 56-75. doi: 10.1080/14616680500392499
Su, K., Li, J., & Fu, H. (2011) Smart city and the applications. In international Conference On Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC), 1028–1031.
UNWTO (2012) Global Report on City Tourism. Madrid: UNWTO. Accessed online (March 25, 2016) at: http://affiliatemembers.unwto.org/publication/global-report-city-tourism.
UNWTO (2017) Tourism Highlights, 2017 Edition, Madrid.
Wang, Y., Wong, K. K., & Wang, T. (2012) How do hotels choose their location? Evidence from hotels in Beijing. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 675-685.
Wight, P. A. (2002) Supporting the principles of sustainable development in tourism and ecotourism: Government's potential role. Current Issues in Tourism, 5(3-4), 222-244.
Published
2021-03-27
Section
Articles
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