Land Use Changes in the Rural-Urban Fringe: A Case Study of Tel-Aviv Metropolitan Area
Keywords:
Land-use, rural-urban fringe, metropolitan area, moshav, non-agricultural activities
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the patterns and reasons for land use changes in three moshav-type settlements located in the rural-urban fringe of the Tel-Aviv metropolitan area. The study extends over six decades and investigates several possible explanatory factors: the period of establishment of the moshav; its physical planning; households' agricultural branches; and the influence of nearby towns. These factors may lead to several different outcomes in regard to the processes of local change. Three moshav models are indicated in the research: agricultural; non-agricultural; and in-between. The findings show that a population with a strong ideology and a long history in agriculture may have a significant effect on the character of the moshav over time, and may contribute to the preservation of the agricultural occupation and landscape. On the other hand, lack of ideology, combined with declining importance and profitability of the agricultural branches over time, leads to diversification and pluriactivity. The latter situation is supported by proximity to urban labour markets and the attraction of entrepreneurial ventures from both urban and rural populations.
References
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Shoshany, M. and Goldshleger, N. (2002) Land-use and population density changes in Israel 1950–1990: Analysis of regional and local trends. Land Use Policy, 19: 123–133.
Sofer, M. (2001) Pluriactivity in the Moshav: Family farming in Israel. Journal of Rural Studies, 17: 363-375.
Sofer, M. (2013) The rural-urban fringe: Theoretical issues and Israeli experience. Landscape and Geodiversity, 1: 1-9.
Sofer, M. and Applebaum, L. (2006) The rural space in Israel in search of renewed identity: The case of the moshav. Journal of Rural Studies, 22(3): 323-336.
-----. (2009) The emergence of farmers-entrepreneurs as local development agents in the rural space of Israel. Rural Studies, 20: 107-125.
-----. (2012) The role of farm-based businesses in promoting agricultural and rural development. Horizons in geography, 81-82: 52-74.
Sofer, M. and Gal, R. (1996) Enterprises in village Israel and their environmental impacts. Geography, 81(3): 235-245.
The Authority for Planning and Development of Agriculture, Settlement and the Village (2015) Planning policy document, the village and agriculture in Israel, Volume I: Characterization, Mapping and Trends, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Hebrew).
Uzan, T. (2002) Integration of New Residents into the Moshavim as Part of Their Community Expansion Program. M.A. thesis in urban and regional planning, The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (Hebrew).
Wadduwage, S., Millington, A., Crossman, N. D. and Sandhu, H. (2017) Agricultural land fragmentation at urban fringes: An application of urban-to-rural gradient analysis in Adelaide. Land, 6: 28.
doi:10.3390/land6020028www.mdpi.com/journal/land
Weitz, R. and Rokach, A. (1968) Agricultural Development – Planning and Implementation (Israel Case Study). Dordrecht-Holland: Reidel.
Woods, M. (2011) Rural. Abingdon: Routledge.
Antrop, M., Van Eetvelde, V. (2000) Holistic aspects of suburban landscapes: Visual image interpretation and landscape metrics. Landscape and Urban Planning, 50(1-3): 43–58
Applebaum, L. and Margulies, J. (1979) The Moshav – Patterns of Organizational Change. Rehovot: Settlement Study Center (Hebrew).
Applebaum, L., and Rimalt, A. (1995) Integration of Suburban Neighbourhoods into Cooperative Communities Under Conditions of Uncertainty. Rehovot: Development Study Center (Hebrew).
Applebaum, L. and Sofer, M. (2012) The moshav in Israel: An agricultural community in a process of change – a current view. Horizons in Geography, (special issue) 79-80: 194-209
Ben-Dror, G., Sofer, M. (2010) Weakening cooperation in the Israeli moshav: Preliminary aspects. Journal of Rural Cooperation, 38(2): 156-172.
Bittner, C., Sofer, M. (2013) Land use changes in the rural-urban fringe: An Israeli case study. Land Use Policy, 33: 11-19.
Bryant, C. R. (1995) The role of local actors in transforming the urban fringe. Journal of Rural Studies, 11(3): 255-267.
----- (2002). Urban and rural interactions and rural community renewal. In: Bowler, I.R., Bryant, C.R. and Cocklin, C. (Eds.) The Sustainability of Rural Systems: Geographical Interpretations, Dordrecht: Kluwer, , pp. 247-270.
Bryant, C. R., Russwurm, L. H., McLellan, A.G. (1982) The City’s Countryside. Land and Its Management in the Rural-Urban Fringe. Longman Group Limited, United States of America.
Bryant, C.R. and Johnston, T.R.R. (1992) Agriculture in the City’s Countryside. London: Belhaven Press.
Bunker, R., Houston, P. (2003) Prospects for the rural-urban fringe in Australia: Observations from a brief history of the landscapes around Sydney and Adelaide. Australian Geographical Studies, 41 (3): 303–323.
Buxton, M., Low Choy, D. (2007) Change in Peri-urban Australia: Implications for Land Use Policies. The Australian Sustainable Cities and Regions Network Conference (Adelaide, Australia).
CBS, Central Bureau of Statistics (2016) Labour Force Survey, Jerusalem.
----- (2017) Population and Demography, Jerusalem.
http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/cw_usr_view_SHTML?ID=807
----- (2020) Statistical Abstract of Israel 2020 – No. 71, Jerusalem.
Charney, I. and Palgi, M. (2014) Interpreting the repopulation of rural communities: The case of private neighbourhoods in kibbutzim. Population Space Place, 20: 664–676.
Cohen, E., Sofer, M. (2007) Changes in the moshavim on the fringe of a metropolitan area: The case of Hof Ha’Carmel regional council. Karka, 63: 94-123 (Hebrew).
Daniel, W. (2012) Land Use Changes in the Rural Space of the Tel-Aviv Metropolitan Area. A Case Study of Three Moshavim: Neve Yamin, Givat Hen, Magshimim. M.A. Thesis, Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan (Hebrew).
Fazal, S. (2001) The need for preserving our farm lands. A case study from a predominantly agrarian economy. Landscape and Urban Planning, 55(1): 1-13.
Fazal, S. (2013) Land Use Dynamics in a Developing Economy. Regional Perspectives from India. Berlin: Springer Publishers.
Geneletti, D., La Rosa, D., Spyra, M. and Cortinovis, C. (2017) A review of approaches and challenges for sustainable planning in urban peripheries. Landscape and Urban Planning, 165: 231-243.
Greenberg, Z. (2012) Expansion neighbourhoods and the new residents' sense of belonging to the place. Horizons in Geography, 81-82: 91-105 (Hebrew).
Hart, J.F. (1991) The peri metropolitan bow wave. The Geographical Review. 81(1): 35-51.
Heimlich, R. E. and Anderson, W. D. (2001) Development at and Beyond the Urban Fringe: Impacts on Agriculture and Rural Land. Agricultural Economic Report No. (AER-803), U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Holmes, J. (2005) Impulses towards a multifunctional transition in rural Australia: Gaps in the research agenda. Journal of Rural Studies, 22(2): 142-160.
Kimhi, A. (2009) Heterogeneity, specialization and social cohesion in Israeli moshav cooperatives. Journal of Rural Cooperation, 37(1): 124-136.
Kimhi, A., Menahem-Carmi, S. (2017) Does rural household income depend on neighboring urban centers? Evidence from Israel. Review of Applied Socioeconomic Research, 13 (1): 26-35.
Lewis, G.M., Brabec, E. (2005) Regional land pattern assessment: Development of a resource efficiency measurement method. Landscape and Urban Planning, 72(4): 281–296.
Maruani, T. and Amit-Cohen, I. (2010) Patterns of development and conservation in agricultural lands – the case of the Tel Aviv metropolitan region 1990–2000. Land Use Policy, 27: 671–679.
Orchan, E., Adar, G., Rosolio, D. and Ashush, Y. (2001) Community Neighbourhoods in the Moshavim – Research Report. Haifa: University of Haifa, Institute of Study and Research of the Kibbutz and the Cooperative Idea (Hebrew).
Pawlak, H. (2018) Attitudes toward newcomers from the city. The case of urban-rural fringe of Krakow. Miscellanea Geographica – Regional Studies on Development, 22(1): 40–47.
Qviström, M. (2007) Landscapes out of order: Studying the inner urban fringe beyond the rural – urban divide. Geografiska Annaler (series B), 89(3): 269–282.
Regev-Metuki, G. (2016) Landscape Changes in the Villages of the Rural Urban Fringe of the Northern Tel-Aviv Metropolis, Ph.D Thesis, Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan.
Sharp, J.S. and Smith, M.B. (2003) Social capital and farming at the rural–urban interface: The importance of non-farmer and farmer relations. Agricultural Systems, 76: 913–927.
Robinson, G. (2011) Geography of Agriculture: Globalisation, Restructuring and Sustainability. Pearson Education Limited, Harlow.
Rokach, A. (1978) Rural Settlement in Israel. The Jewish Agency for Israel. Department of Rural Settlement, Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
Schwartz, M. (1999) The rise and decline of the Israeli Moshav cooperative: A historical overview. Journal of Rural Cooperation, 27(2): 129–166.
Shoshany, M. and Goldshleger, N. (2002) Land-use and population density changes in Israel 1950–1990: Analysis of regional and local trends. Land Use Policy, 19: 123–133.
Sofer, M. (2001) Pluriactivity in the Moshav: Family farming in Israel. Journal of Rural Studies, 17: 363-375.
Sofer, M. (2013) The rural-urban fringe: Theoretical issues and Israeli experience. Landscape and Geodiversity, 1: 1-9.
Sofer, M. and Applebaum, L. (2006) The rural space in Israel in search of renewed identity: The case of the moshav. Journal of Rural Studies, 22(3): 323-336.
-----. (2009) The emergence of farmers-entrepreneurs as local development agents in the rural space of Israel. Rural Studies, 20: 107-125.
-----. (2012) The role of farm-based businesses in promoting agricultural and rural development. Horizons in geography, 81-82: 52-74.
Sofer, M. and Gal, R. (1996) Enterprises in village Israel and their environmental impacts. Geography, 81(3): 235-245.
The Authority for Planning and Development of Agriculture, Settlement and the Village (2015) Planning policy document, the village and agriculture in Israel, Volume I: Characterization, Mapping and Trends, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Hebrew).
Uzan, T. (2002) Integration of New Residents into the Moshavim as Part of Their Community Expansion Program. M.A. thesis in urban and regional planning, The Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa (Hebrew).
Wadduwage, S., Millington, A., Crossman, N. D. and Sandhu, H. (2017) Agricultural land fragmentation at urban fringes: An application of urban-to-rural gradient analysis in Adelaide. Land, 6: 28.
doi:10.3390/land6020028www.mdpi.com/journal/land
Weitz, R. and Rokach, A. (1968) Agricultural Development – Planning and Implementation (Israel Case Study). Dordrecht-Holland: Reidel.
Woods, M. (2011) Rural. Abingdon: Routledge.
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2022-07-18
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