Space and Relationships between Rural Communities and Extractive Industry in Sodom Square, Israel
Keywords:
geographical entities, rural community, industry, relationality, relationships, nature of space, Dead Sea.
Abstract
Non-agricultural geographical entities become increasingly prevalent in rural spaces. In certain areas these entities include extractive industries. Their relationships with the local communities can shape the nature of this space. As the relationality paradigm provides a conceptual framework for understanding space, we employ some of its notions in understanding this space through these relationships. We examine the evolution of relationships between Dead Sea Works and Sodom Square communities in Israel over time as a vehicle for understanding changes in the nature of rural space. The qualitative methodology analyses five-year minutes of a forum established between these entities and interviews with community members and corporate senior officials. The analysis reveals stages in the evolution of relationships in this space from alienation to friction and negotiation and then to cooperation. Accordingly, the nature of space has transformed from stressfully prescriptive to willfully-negotiative and then to trustfully-collaborative. This study carries specific implications for understanding the nature of space produced by the relationships between rural communities and extractive industries, and more generally to analyzing the role of community-industry relationships in shaping metropolitan spaces.
References
Amiran, D. (1991) Geography of rural settlement in Israel and its development at Israeli universities teaching and research. Ofakin BaGeographia, No.32, 29-37. (Hebrew)
Authority for Rural Development (2008) Allocating Farming Land in the Negev and Arava. Jerusalem: Ministry of Agriculture. (Hebrew)
Avnimelech, Y. and Eilon, A. (eds.) (2006) National Priorities in Environmental Quality. Haifa: Neeman Institute, The Technion. (Hebrew)
Bazemore, G. & Griffiths, C. T. (1997) Conferences, circles, boards, and mediations: The new wave of community justice decision-making. Federal Probation, 61, 25-37.
Bebbington A. Humphreys, D., Bebbington, J., Bury, J., Lingan, J. Muñoz, P. and Scurrah,M. (2008) Mining and social movements: Struggles over livelihood and rural territorial development in the Andes. World Development, 36 (12), 2888–2905.
Callon, M. and Law, J. (1995) Agency and the hybrid collectif. South Atlantic Quarterly, 94: 481–507.
Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. (1987) A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Fitzmaurice, A. (2007) The genealogy of terra nullius. Australian Historical Studies, 38 (129): 1–15.
Foucault, M. (1982) The subject and power. In Dreyfus, H. and Rabinow, P. (Eds.) Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Brighton: Harvester Press, 208–27.
Gilberthorpe, E. and Papyrakis, E. (2015) The extractive industries and development: The resource curse at the micro, meso and macro levels. Extractive Industries and Society, 2, 381–390.
Green, L. W., & Mercer, S. L. (2001) Can public health researchers and agencies
reconcile the push from funding bodies and the pull from communities? American Journal of Public Health, 91(12), 1926-1929.
Helwege, A. (2014) Challenges with resolving mining conflicts in Latin America. Global development and environment. Extractive Industries and Soceity, 2 (1), 73–84.
Hesse-Biber, S. N., & Piatelli, D. (2012) Holistic reflexivity: The feminist practice of holistic reflexivity. In S.N. Hesse-Biber (Ed.) Handbook of Feminist Research: Theory and Practice. Sage Publications.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483384740.n27
Hilson G. (2002) An overview of land use conflicts in mining communities. Land Use Policy, 19, 65–73.
Hunt, J., Smith, D. Garling, S. and Sanders, W. (Eds.) (2008) Contested Governance Culture, Power and Institutions in Indigenous Australia. E Press: ANU.
ICCA-International Council of Chemical Associations (2021) Responsible Care
https://icca-chem.org Retrieved 3.10/21
Ignatiadis M., Daigneault, A., Sponarski, C. & Reed J. (2021) Operationalizing sense of place to evaluate potential conflicts in natural resource-dependent rural economies. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23:4, 446-466, DOI:
10.1080/1523908X.2020.1858769
Israeli Parliament (1961) Dead Sea Concession Law, 17.6.1961. (Hebrew)
Kirsch, S., (2014) Mining Capitalism: The Relationship between Corporations and Their Critics. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Kleine A. and von Hauff, M. (2009) Sustainability-driven implementation of corporate social responsibility: Application of the integrative sustainability triangle. Journal of Business Ethics, 85:517–533.
Kojola, E. (2020) Who speaks for the place? Cultural dynamics of conflicts over hazardous industrial development. Sociological Forum, 35, 3, September DOI: 10.1111/socf.12620
Latour, B. (1991) Technology is society made durable. In Law, J. (Ed.), A Sociology of Monsters: Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. London: Routledge, 103–30.
Le Billon, P. (2005) Geopolitics of Resource Wars: Resource Dependence Governance and Violence. London: Frank Cass.
Lynn, F. M., Busenberg, G., Cohen, N., & Chess, C. (2000) Chemical industry's community advisory panels: What has been their impact? Policy Analysis, 34(10), 1881-1886.
Massey, D. (1998) Power-geometries and the politics of space-time. Hettner-Lecture, Department of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
-----. (2005) For Space. London: Sage Publications.
Meir, A. and Duenias, J. (2008) University, community, and shaping regional and local identity: A case study in Israel. Journal of the World Universities Forum, 1(3), 35-45.
Menkel-Meadow, C. (2000) Mothers and fathers of invention: The intellectual founders of ADR. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 16(1), 1-10.
Ministry of Environmental Protection (2021) Index of Environmental Impact 2019.
https://www.gov.il/he/Departments/Guides/environmental_impact_index_public_industry_companies (Hebrew)
Moomen, A. and Dewan, A. (2015) Mining, agricultural space and land use conflicts: The role of local government. Fourth International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-geoinformatics), 2015, pp. 228-233, doi: 10.1109/Agro-Geoinformatics.2015.7248103.
Murdoch, J. (1998) The spaces of actor-network theory. Geoforum, 29: 357–74.
-----. (2005) Post-structuralist Geography. London: Thousand Oaks.
Paredes M. (2016) The glocalization of mining conflict: Cases from Peru. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3, 1046–1057.
Perreault, T. (2008) Natural gas, indigenous mobilization, and the Bolivian state. Identities, conflict and cohesion. Programme Paper No. 12. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), 27.
Qviström, M. (2007) Landscapes out of order: Studying the inner urban fringe beyond the rural – urban divide. Geografiska Annaler (series B), 89(3): 269–282.
Roe, A. (2021) Ofer draws 1.5 billion SH from the state in exempt for using Dead Sea water. Calcalist, 24.11.2021 (Hebrew)
https://www.calcalist.co.il/local_news/article/b1fvqqq00f
Schilling-Vacaflor, A. (2013) Prior consultations in plurinational Bolivia: Democracy, rights and real-life experiences. Latin America and Caribbian Ethnic Studies, 8 (2), 202–220.
Tal, H. (2010) Revolution in Sodom: The Impact of the Potash Company on Development of the Dead Sea Region and the Land of Israel. Sede Boker: Ben Gurion Institute for the Study of Israel and Zionism. (Hebrew)
Thrift, N. (1996) Spatial Formations. London: Sage Publications.
Triscritti F. (2013) Mining, development and corporate–community conflicts in Peru. Community Development Journal, 48, 3, 437–450.
Authority for Rural Development (2008) Allocating Farming Land in the Negev and Arava. Jerusalem: Ministry of Agriculture. (Hebrew)
Avnimelech, Y. and Eilon, A. (eds.) (2006) National Priorities in Environmental Quality. Haifa: Neeman Institute, The Technion. (Hebrew)
Bazemore, G. & Griffiths, C. T. (1997) Conferences, circles, boards, and mediations: The new wave of community justice decision-making. Federal Probation, 61, 25-37.
Bebbington A. Humphreys, D., Bebbington, J., Bury, J., Lingan, J. Muñoz, P. and Scurrah,M. (2008) Mining and social movements: Struggles over livelihood and rural territorial development in the Andes. World Development, 36 (12), 2888–2905.
Callon, M. and Law, J. (1995) Agency and the hybrid collectif. South Atlantic Quarterly, 94: 481–507.
Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. (1987) A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Fitzmaurice, A. (2007) The genealogy of terra nullius. Australian Historical Studies, 38 (129): 1–15.
Foucault, M. (1982) The subject and power. In Dreyfus, H. and Rabinow, P. (Eds.) Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics. Brighton: Harvester Press, 208–27.
Gilberthorpe, E. and Papyrakis, E. (2015) The extractive industries and development: The resource curse at the micro, meso and macro levels. Extractive Industries and Society, 2, 381–390.
Green, L. W., & Mercer, S. L. (2001) Can public health researchers and agencies
reconcile the push from funding bodies and the pull from communities? American Journal of Public Health, 91(12), 1926-1929.
Helwege, A. (2014) Challenges with resolving mining conflicts in Latin America. Global development and environment. Extractive Industries and Soceity, 2 (1), 73–84.
Hesse-Biber, S. N., & Piatelli, D. (2012) Holistic reflexivity: The feminist practice of holistic reflexivity. In S.N. Hesse-Biber (Ed.) Handbook of Feminist Research: Theory and Practice. Sage Publications.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781483384740.n27
Hilson G. (2002) An overview of land use conflicts in mining communities. Land Use Policy, 19, 65–73.
Hunt, J., Smith, D. Garling, S. and Sanders, W. (Eds.) (2008) Contested Governance Culture, Power and Institutions in Indigenous Australia. E Press: ANU.
ICCA-International Council of Chemical Associations (2021) Responsible Care
https://icca-chem.org Retrieved 3.10/21
Ignatiadis M., Daigneault, A., Sponarski, C. & Reed J. (2021) Operationalizing sense of place to evaluate potential conflicts in natural resource-dependent rural economies. Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning, 23:4, 446-466, DOI:
10.1080/1523908X.2020.1858769
Israeli Parliament (1961) Dead Sea Concession Law, 17.6.1961. (Hebrew)
Kirsch, S., (2014) Mining Capitalism: The Relationship between Corporations and Their Critics. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Kleine A. and von Hauff, M. (2009) Sustainability-driven implementation of corporate social responsibility: Application of the integrative sustainability triangle. Journal of Business Ethics, 85:517–533.
Kojola, E. (2020) Who speaks for the place? Cultural dynamics of conflicts over hazardous industrial development. Sociological Forum, 35, 3, September DOI: 10.1111/socf.12620
Latour, B. (1991) Technology is society made durable. In Law, J. (Ed.), A Sociology of Monsters: Essays on Power, Technology and Domination. London: Routledge, 103–30.
Le Billon, P. (2005) Geopolitics of Resource Wars: Resource Dependence Governance and Violence. London: Frank Cass.
Lynn, F. M., Busenberg, G., Cohen, N., & Chess, C. (2000) Chemical industry's community advisory panels: What has been their impact? Policy Analysis, 34(10), 1881-1886.
Massey, D. (1998) Power-geometries and the politics of space-time. Hettner-Lecture, Department of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg.
-----. (2005) For Space. London: Sage Publications.
Meir, A. and Duenias, J. (2008) University, community, and shaping regional and local identity: A case study in Israel. Journal of the World Universities Forum, 1(3), 35-45.
Menkel-Meadow, C. (2000) Mothers and fathers of invention: The intellectual founders of ADR. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 16(1), 1-10.
Ministry of Environmental Protection (2021) Index of Environmental Impact 2019.
https://www.gov.il/he/Departments/Guides/environmental_impact_index_public_industry_companies (Hebrew)
Moomen, A. and Dewan, A. (2015) Mining, agricultural space and land use conflicts: The role of local government. Fourth International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics (Agro-geoinformatics), 2015, pp. 228-233, doi: 10.1109/Agro-Geoinformatics.2015.7248103.
Murdoch, J. (1998) The spaces of actor-network theory. Geoforum, 29: 357–74.
-----. (2005) Post-structuralist Geography. London: Thousand Oaks.
Paredes M. (2016) The glocalization of mining conflict: Cases from Peru. The Extractive Industries and Society, 3, 1046–1057.
Perreault, T. (2008) Natural gas, indigenous mobilization, and the Bolivian state. Identities, conflict and cohesion. Programme Paper No. 12. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD), 27.
Qviström, M. (2007) Landscapes out of order: Studying the inner urban fringe beyond the rural – urban divide. Geografiska Annaler (series B), 89(3): 269–282.
Roe, A. (2021) Ofer draws 1.5 billion SH from the state in exempt for using Dead Sea water. Calcalist, 24.11.2021 (Hebrew)
https://www.calcalist.co.il/local_news/article/b1fvqqq00f
Schilling-Vacaflor, A. (2013) Prior consultations in plurinational Bolivia: Democracy, rights and real-life experiences. Latin America and Caribbian Ethnic Studies, 8 (2), 202–220.
Tal, H. (2010) Revolution in Sodom: The Impact of the Potash Company on Development of the Dead Sea Region and the Land of Israel. Sede Boker: Ben Gurion Institute for the Study of Israel and Zionism. (Hebrew)
Thrift, N. (1996) Spatial Formations. London: Sage Publications.
Triscritti F. (2013) Mining, development and corporate–community conflicts in Peru. Community Development Journal, 48, 3, 437–450.
Published
2022-07-19
Issue
Section
Articles
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- The contributor(s) (authors) warrant that the entire work is original and unpublished; it is submitted only to this Journal and all text, data, figures/tables or other illustrations included in this work are completely original and unpublished, and these have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere in any form or media whatsoever.
- The contributor(s) warrant that the work contains no unlawful or libelous statements and opinions and liable materials of any kind whatsoever, does not infringe on any copyrights, intellectual property rights, personal rights or rights of any kind of others, nor contains any plagiarized, fraudulent, improperly attributed materials, instructions, procedures, information or ideas that might cause any harm, damage, injury, losses or costs of any kind to person or property.
- The contributor(s) retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The contributor(s) are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- The contributor(s) are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Geography Research Forum may disseminate the content of the publications and publications’ Meta data in text, image, or other print and electronic formats to providers of research databases (e.g. EBSCO, GeoBase, JSTOR) to facilitate publications' exposure.
