Untimely Metropolitan Field "Rurban" Development - Rural Renaissance as a Geopolitical Process in Israel
Abstract
The nature of the newly developed "rurban" (rural-urban) communities at the edge of the metropolitan field is evaluated using metropolitan Haifa, Israel, as a case study. Rural renaissance and industrialization of the remote periphery of the metropolis have evolved in Israel as a result of geopolitical needs to settle politically-sensitive regions. The emerging rurban communities, the Industrial Village and the Community Settlement, are attractive to middle class, educated, white-collar, middle-aged families who strive to secure their personal space and ex-urban lifestyle in a closed, intimate affinity community. Despite the high expense of such communities, which are financed almost entirely through public funds, the new forms of rurban communities should continue to be considered as a viable vehicle for regional development under geopolitical constraints.
References
Berry, B. J. L. 1973. The Human Consequences of Urbanization. London: Macmillan.
Boyce, R. R. 1981. The Energy Crisis: A Case for Future Decentralization. South African Geographer 9, pp. 95-100.
Clout, H. D. 1974. The Growth of Second Home Ownership: An Example of Season Suburbanization. In Suburban Growth, edited by J. H. Johnson.London: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 101-28.
Conzen, H. P. and P. D. Phillips, 1982. The Character of Metropolitan Networks. In Modern Metropolitan Systems, edited by C. M. Christian and R. A. Harper. Columbus: Charles E. Merrill, pp. 30-61.
Friedmann, J. 1978. The Urban Field as Human Habitat. In Systems of Cities, edited by L. S. Bourne and J. W. Simmons. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, pp.42-52.
Friedmann, J. and J. Miller. 1965. The Urban Field. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 31, pp. 312-19.
Haren, C. C. and R. W. Holing. 1979. Industrial Development in Non-metropolitan America: A Locational Perspective. In R. E. Lansdale and H. L. Seyler, Nonmetropolitan Industrialization. New York: Halsted Press, pp. 13-46.
Helburn, N. 1982. Geography and Quality of Life. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 71, pp. 445-56.
Herbert, D. T. and C. J. Thomas. 1982. Urban Geography. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Krakover, S. 1980. Toward An Understanding of the Urban-Field Concept. Geographical Research Forum 2, pp. 35-46.
Krakover, S. 1982. Spread of Growth in Urban Field, Eastern United States 1962-1978. Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Maryland, College Park.
Kipnis, B. A. 1981. Segev-Karmiel-Ma'alot: The Science Based Manufacturing Axis of the Galilee. In Proceedings of the 1981/2 Annual Meeting of the Israeli Geographical Association. Tel-Aviv (Hebrew).
Kipnis, B. A. 1982. How to Advance Metropolitan Processes in Israel. Horizons 6, pp. 49-63 (Hebrew).
Kipnis, B. A. 1983. The Northern Migration Field-The Changing Trends of Late 1970s. In A. A. Shmueli, A. A. Soffer and N. Kiiot, Lands of Galilee, Haifa: Scientific Applied Research Co., Univ. of Haifa, pp. 509-20. (Hebrew).
Kipnis, B. A. 1984. Role and Timing of Complementary Objectives of Regional Policy, The Case of Northern Israel. Geoforum 15, pp. 191-200.
Kipnis, B. A. and Y. Mansfeld. 1986. Work-Place Utilities and Commuting Patterns - Are They Class and Place Differentiated? Professional Geographer 38, pp. 160-69.
Lewis, P. E 1982. The Galactic Metropolis. In Beyond the Urban Fringe, edited by R. H. Platt and G. Macinco. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, pp. 23-50.
Mera, K. I. 1972. On the Urban Agglomeration and Economic Efficiency. Economic Development and Cultural Change 21, pp. 309-24.
Mera, K. I. 1978. The Changing Pattern of Population Distribution in Japan and Its Implications for Developing Countries. In Growth Pole Strategy and Regional Development Policy, edited by E C. Lo and K. Salih. Oxford: Pergamon Press, pp. 193-206.
Muller, P. O. 1976. The Outer City: Geographical Consequences of the Urbanization of the Suburbs. Washington: Association of American Geographers, Resource Paper no. 75-2, pp. 29-64.
Reichman, S. 1977. New Forms of Urban Settlements in Israel, a Review. City and Region 3, pp. 3-19 (Hebrew).
Reichman, S., A. Ganor, and A. Openheim. (1981). Nonagricultural Jewish Settlements in Judea and Samaria. Jerusalem: Hebrew Univ. (Hebrew).
Smailes, A. E. 1947. The Analysis and Delineation of Urban-Fields. Geography 32, pp. 151-61.
Vinshal, Z. and S. Lapidot. 1980. Socio-Economic Aspects of Jewish Settlements in the Galilee, Preliminary Analysis. Jerusalem: Internal Report (Hebrew).
- The contributor(s) (authors) warrant that the entire work is original and unpublished; it is submitted only to this Journal and all text, data, figures/tables or other illustrations included in this work are completely original and unpublished, and these have not been previously published or submitted elsewhere in any form or media whatsoever.
- The contributor(s) warrant that the work contains no unlawful or libelous statements and opinions and liable materials of any kind whatsoever, does not infringe on any copyrights, intellectual property rights, personal rights or rights of any kind of others, nor contains any plagiarized, fraudulent, improperly attributed materials, instructions, procedures, information or ideas that might cause any harm, damage, injury, losses or costs of any kind to person or property.
- The contributor(s) retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- The contributor(s) are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- The contributor(s) are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Geography Research Forum may disseminate the content of the publications and publications’ Meta data in text, image, or other print and electronic formats to providers of research databases (e.g. EBSCO, GeoBase, JSTOR) to facilitate publications' exposure.
