Worker Driven Social Responsibility: A Workable Model to Transform Exploitative Labor Markets or a Context-Specific Success?
Keywords:
WSR, FFP, farm workers, migration, labor law, human trafficking, labor approach
Abstract
Worker Driven Social Responsibility (WSR) offers a connection between alternative labor unions and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), to improve the working conditions of vulnerable workers throughout supply chains. This article evaluates whether WSR can be applied in diverse contexts, as its advocates claim. By analyzing three existing WSR projects, it identifies two current models of WSR and points out to several structural characteristics that affect the probability of applying the paradigm in different contexts. It then argues that WSR has better chances to succeed in local supply chains, especially under the direction of a local alt-labor organization. In addition, while heavy regulation and high state involvement may pose substantial obstacles, cooperation with the state may succeed with some adjustments to the model. A significant question mark encircles the possibility of establishing WSR under a temporary migration regime, as none of the examples available operates under such conditions.
References
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Fine, J. R., & Gordon, J. (2010) Strengthening labor standards enforcement through partnerships with workers’ organizations. Politics & Society, 38(4), 552-585.
Fleming, P., & Jones, M. T. (2013) The end of corporate social responsibility: Crisis & critique. Sage Publications.
Ford, M (2015) Trade Unions, Forced Labour and Human Trafficking, Anti-Trafficking Review, Special Issue, Forced Labour and Human Trafficking, (5), 11-29
Freeman, R. B., & Medoff, J. L. (1984) What Do Unions Do? New York: Basic Books.
Garrick, J. (2021) How worker centers organize low-wage workers: An exploration of targets and strategies. Labor Studies Journal, 46(2), 134-157.
Gereffi, G., & Lee, J. (2016) Economic and social upgrading in global value chains and industrial clusters: Why governance matters. Journal of business ethics, 133(1), 25-38.
Gordon, J. (2005) Suburban sweatshops: The fight for immigrant rights. Harvard University Press
Gordon, J. (2017) The Problem with Corporate Social Responsibility (unpublished paper). Fordham University School of Law.
Greenhouse, S. (2013) Tackling concerns of independent workers. New York Times. March 23
Greenhouse, S. (2014, April 24) In Florida Tomato Fields, a Penny Buys Progress. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/25/business/in-florida-tomato-fields-a-penny-buys-progress.html.
Griffith, K. L. (2015) Worker Centers and Labor Law Protections: Why Aren't They Having Their Cake. Berkeley J. Emp. & Lab. L., 36, 331. 331-349
Hathaway, J. C. (2008) The human rights quagmire of human trafficking. Va. J. Int'l L., 49, 1-59
Hyde, A. (2005) New Institutions for Worker Representation in the United States: Theoretical Issues. N.Y.L. Sch. L.Rev., 50 385-415
International Labour Organization (2014) Protocol of 2014 to the Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (Entry into force: Nov. 9, 2016).
International Labour Organization (2017) Policy Brief on Anti Trafficking Policies, Laws and Practices.
Kabeer, N., Huq, L., & Sulaiman, M. (2020) Paradigm Shift or Business as Usual? Workers' Views on Multi‐stakeholder Initiatives in Bangladesh. Development and Change, 51, 1360-1398.
Kang, S. L. (2012) Human rights and labor solidarity: Trade unions in the global economy. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Koenig-Archibugi, M., & Macdonald, K. (2017) The role of beneficiaries in transnational regulatory processes. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 670(1), 36-57.
Kurlander, Y. & Cohen, A. (2022). BLAs as Sites for the Meso-Level Dynamics of Institutionalization: A Cross-Sectoral Comparison. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 23(2), 246-265.
Lee, D. (2016) Bundling" Alt-Labor": How Policy Reform Can Facilitate Political Organization in Emerging Worker Movements. Harv. CR-CLL Rev., 51, 509-536
Lebaron, G., & Lister, J. (2015) Benchmarking Global Supply Chains: The Power of the ‘Ethical Audit’ Regime, 41(5). Review of International Studies, 41(5). 905-924
LeBaron, G., Lister, J., & Dauvergne, P. (2017) Governing global supply chain sustainability through the ethical audit regime. Globalizations, 14(6), 958-975.
Locke, R. M. (2013) The promise and limits of private power: Promoting labor standards in a global economy. Cambridge University Press.
Loury, M. G. (2020). The Cows Don't Milk Themselves: Using Worker-Driven Social Responsibility to Fight Labor and Housing Injustice on Vermont's Dairy Farms (UVM Honors College Senior Thesis). University of Vermont. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/351
Ludden, (2013) The future of the workers’ movement. NPR. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2013/05/20/185559550/the-future-of-the-workers-movement
Marks, E., & Olsen, A. (2015) Policy and practice: the role of trade unions in reducing migrant workers’ vulnerability to forced labour and human trafficking in the greater Mekong subregion. Anti-Trafficking Review, (5). 111–128
Marquis, S. (2017) I Am Not a Tractor! How Florida Farmworkers Took on the Fast Food Giants and Won. Cornell University Press.
Mieres, F., & McGrath, S. (2021) Ripe to Be Heard: Worker Voice in the Fair Food Program. International Labour Review, 160(4). 631-647
Migrant Justice & Milk with Dignity Standards Council. (2020) Milk with Dignity: First Biennial Report: 2018-2019.
Migrant Justice & Milk with Dignity Standards Council. (2021) Milk with Dignity: 2020 Year 3 Report Update.
Migrant Justice & Milk with Dignity Standards Council. (2022) 2018-2022: Five Years of Milk with Dignity.
Migrant Justice. (n.d. a) About Migrant Justice. https://migrantjustice.net/about
Migrant Justice. (n.d. b) Hannaford Campaign Action Toolkit.
https://migrantjustice.net/Hannaford-action-toolkit
Milkman, R. (2014) Introduction: Toward a New Labor Movement? Organizing New York City’s Precariat. In R. Milkman & E. Ott (Ed.), New Labor in New York: Precarious Workers and the Future of the Labor Movement (pp. 1-22). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Milkman, R. & Luce, S. (2017) Labor Unions and the Great Recession. RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 3(3), 145–165.
Mundlak, G. (2007) Industrial citizenship, social citizenship, corporate citizenship: I just want my wages. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 8(2), 719-748.
New, S. J. (2015) Modern slavery and the supply chain: the limits of corporate social responsibility? Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 20(6), 697-707.
Niezna, M., Kurlander, Y. and Shamir, H. (2021) Underlying conditions: The Increased Vulnerability of Migrant Workers Under COVID-19 in Israel. Journal of Modern Slavery: A Multidisciplinary Exploration of Human Trafficking Solutions, 6(2), 133-158
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2024-04-01
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